1. Dead load (permanent loads) 静荷载（永久荷载）

Dead load of equipment, lining，insulation and other well-defined installations (in terms of both load and location). 

静荷载来自设备、内衬、保温材料及其相关的附属装置。（包括静荷载和静荷载作用点）

The dead load is sub-divided as follows: 

静荷载分类如下：

DL1 Dead load from equipment and other well-defined installations. 

DL1：来自设备及其相关附属装置的静荷载。

DL2 Dead load from lining or insulation. 

DL2：来自内衬或保温材料的静荷载。

2. Live loads, normal (variable loads)活荷载（正常变化荷载）

Normally occurring loads from e.g. plant operators, furniture and equipment, traffic, material (stored, transported, occasional accumulations, dust, fillings, etc.). 

正常情况下出现的活荷载，例如工厂的操作人员、物品储存和设备、运输、物料（储存、输送、堆积、积灰、填料等）。

When a dynamic load is approximated to an additional static load, this additional load, which stems from normally occurring conditions of impacts and vibrations, is included in this load category. 

当一个动荷载近似于附加静荷载时，荷载中包括此类附加静荷载。附加静荷载包括通常出现的来自于冲击及振动的荷载。

2.1 Dynamic loads exerted by the equipment 设备的动荷载

a) For equipment subject to comparatively small dynamic loads, the dynamic loads are specified as an equivalent additional static load. 

对承受较小动荷载的设备，其标注的动荷载为恒定的附加荷载。

b) For equipment subject to considerable dynamic loads (e.g. heavy-duty fans) the individual load rates of the equipment are specified (dead load, live load and dynamic loads). 

对承受较大动荷载的设备（如大型风机），其荷载应分项注明。（包括静荷载，活荷载和动荷载）

Normal live loads are sub-divided as follows正常活荷载分类如下：

LL1： Live load (per m, per m2 or as a point load) from plant operators, furniture and equipment, stored or transported goods and materials. 

(Normal operating conditions). 

LL1：活荷载（每米、每平方米或一个点的活荷载）:来自于工厂的操作人员、设备和物品、物料及货物的输送或存放。（均指正常工作条件下的活荷载）

LL2 Material accumulations and similar conditions. 

LL2：物料的堆积和类似情况下的活荷载。

LL3 Traffic load. (As e.g. loads originating from trucks operating in stores, loads from rolling materials handling devices, etc.). 

LL3：交通荷载。（如在堆存区内作业的卡车产生的活荷载，物料或材料装卸设备产生的活荷载等。）

LL4 Static additional load equivalent to a dynamic vibration or impact load. 

LL4：恒定的附加荷载，相当于经常出现的动态振动或冲击活荷载。（例如电机正常运转时的满负荷扭矩等。）

LL5 Dynamic vibration or impact load in case of start up or occasional. 

LL5：启动或偶尔出现的动态振动或冲击活荷载。（例如电机启动时的扭矩等）

LL6 Explosion load and similar conditions. 

LL6：爆炸和类似情况下产生的活荷载。

LL7 Friction load originating from thermal expansions and contractions. 

LL7：热胀冷缩时摩擦产生的活荷载。

3. Live loads, extraordinary事故活荷载

The loads only affect the construction transiently and only occur where extreme operating conditions for the equipment or plant department are encountered.

此荷载只对土建结构产生瞬时的影响，并且只有当设备或车间在极端操作条件下才会出现。

Cases in point include explosions, falling objects or collisions. 

此情况包括爆炸，物体坠落或碰撞。

Extraordinary live loads are sub-divided as follows 事故活荷载分类如下：

EL1 Falling objects, shock impacts, etc. 

EL1：物体坠落、震动冲击等产生的事故活荷载等。（例如:破碎机非正常旋转时转子的不平衡力。）

EL2 Collision impacts, etc. 

EL2：碰撞及撞击等产生的事故活荷载。

EL3 Extraordinary material accumulations, etc. 

EL3：非正常的物料聚积等产生的事故活荷载（例如：胶带机带面满料）。

EL4 Explosion recoil loads, etc. 

EL4：爆炸的反作用力等产生的事故活荷载。

Additional information regarding explosion recoil load might be stated in the drawings 图纸中注明关于爆炸反作用力荷载的说明如下：

tR The duration of the pulse of explosion recoil loads in seconds [s]. 

tR：瞬时爆炸反作用力的作用时间 [s] 。

IR The impulse transmitted by the explosion recoil load [kNs]. 

IR：由爆炸反作用力传递的冲量[kNs]。

The assumption is that extraordinary live loads act simultaneously with the load types DL1, DL2, LL1, LL2 and LL3, but not simultaneously with neither LL4, LL5, LL6 nor LL7. 

设定条件：事故活荷载与DL1, DL2, LL1, LL2 和 LL3同时作用, 但与 LL4, LL5, LL6 和 LL7均不同时作用。

4. Natural loads自然荷载

Loads originating from external forces, e.g. wind load, snow load and seismic loads, are not indicated on the drawings. 

来自自然界的荷载例如风载、雪载和地震荷载在图纸中不注明。

When calculating of natural loads assume, that expansion joints on machines and ducts cannot transfer loads. 

当计算自然荷载时，设备间、管道间和设备与管道间的膨胀节不传递自然荷载。

The equipment sellers also indicate the loads caused by settlement, temperature stresses, etc. 

设备供应商应提供沉降及温度应力所引起的荷载等。

The equipment sellers also indicate the Max. deflections or settlements for the civil structure. 

设备供应商应提供要求建筑物结构设计的偏斜或沉降最大值。（例如；回转窑、烘干机、磨机及堆、取料机、大风机等）

Fixtures for self of equipments are designed for loads caused by wind, snow and seismic loads.

设备自身的支撑设计应考虑来自风、雪和地震所引起的荷载。

For electrostatic precipitators, natural loads are shell stated. The purpose of this is solely to indicate the loads for which the equipment has been designed, and civil foundations must be designed in accordance with local regulations codes of practice and conditions. 

例如电除尘器，应注明自然荷载。其目的是表示该设备本体的设计已经考虑了自然荷载，土建设计师必须按照当地规范和实际条件进行设备的土建基础设计。

5. Special loads特殊荷载

In case of quite extraordinary load types, these will in each individual case be specified and described on drawings. 

对于非常特殊的荷载类型，在图纸和说明中对每种情况进行单独说明。